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(Hope the authorities across the globe read this paper and change their course of actions)

(Please read and if agreed pass around to the world due to the urgency of the situation)

Introduction:

The new coronavirus that is now popular with the title of COVID-19 around the world and boasting in spreading at a pandemic level, causing more panic than killings, is the seventh in the line of the class of coronaviruses. This family of viruses head by the common cold or flu virus that has lived in symbiosis with humans for long, and had never caused fatalities and created panic in us. Viruses such as Coronaviruses that have lived for billions of years, much longer than any other beings on the earth keep evolving for survival. This is more true for RNA viruses such as Coronaviruses that depend on hosts to survive, due to lack of DNA for independent living. So on the path of their evolution for survival, they evolve in different types invading the hosts like humans. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) that hit humans’ population a few years ago before COVID-19 are other types of Coronaviruses. In fact the outbreak of Coronaviruses in different forms over the past several years is a good indicator that these viruses are pushing for survival and coevolution now within the human hosts (1-7).

 In this article I discuss the wise option of living with Coronaviruses in peace with no panic and resistance. This contention that might surprise many is not new in the nature as living in peace or “symbiosis” among the living creatures from plants, animals, bacteria and viruses to us humans have been a rule and part of the law of survival than exception. This has been well known in the scientific and medical circle that I will refer to here, though a call for a peace with the microbial invasions have not been forthcoming yet. The symbiosis between two livings could be obligatory or facultative (optional) that could be different on each side of the equation or relationship. For example in the case of microbes and viruses, the symbiosis on their parts is obligatory as they cannot survive without the hosts, but is optional on the hosts part to let them in or fight back and being killed.

Symbiosis and Endosymbiosis:

Symbiosis, a Greek word meaning “living together”, is any type of close and long-term biological relationship, interaction and dependency between two biological organisms in a mutualistic, commensalistic or parasitic manner. Endosymbiosis or living inside of the tissues of the hosts that most microbes, such as bacteria and viruses do, including many bacteria already living in peace within us, e.g. in our digestive system, assists with our normal living. A peaceful and healthy endosymbiosis in fact leads over time to reduction of the genome size and power of the invader or endosymbiont and lower its fatality due to the adaptation with the host. This has been a vital part of “co-evolution” in nature on earth since its living inception. In fact eukaryotes, the origin of plants, fungi and animals like us all have evolved through this symbiogenesis. Mitochondria, chloroplasts and other cellular organelles that divide and replicate independent of the cells in living creatures like us is an obvious example of such evolutionary endosymbiosis. In fact the notion of Darwinism based on competitive survival has been replaced in the modern scientific arena to the cooperative and symbiotic evolutionary survival (8-10).

Read the full text here:

LIVING WITH CORONAVIRUS IN PEACE AND NO PANIC

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Warning: Do not read, if you are very sensitive or a worrier.

Introduction:

Microbial world have dominated the earth for billions of years and gradually evolved to all forms of life as we know it, including plants, animals and us, humans. If the microbial longevity on earth is a book of 1000 pages, the human’s life history on earth is less than a line of it! Microbes of all types, from bacteria, to fungus, to parasites and viruses have survived through infestation of their hosts, including humans for billions of years, and we just came to know them not long ago, less than a couple of hundreds years ago. By learning about the hygiene, use of detergents, alcohol, other disinfectants, then anti-microbial agents such as antibiotics, and vaccines, we were able to fight some of these infections befalling on us. So until a little while ago, we thought that infections and infestations have faded out, at least from the developed lands and only remains to be a struggle in the developing nations due to poor hygiene and poverty. But the last few decades have opened our eyes very well that the “survival of the fittest” is still the rule and we are all at the mercy of the rulers of the earth, the microbes and we might be at the verge of extinction soon. Unfortunately our life history on earth could be a lot shorter than what we thought, not because of the greed of our war machines, or the anger of the sun or another extraterrestrial attack on our being, but by microbial invasions! While we thought of “evolution” as an upward phenomenon to create us, humans so to rule the world and destroy it, we well observed and understood that “evolution” is in every direction, and the “wisest” is not the “winner”, but the “strongest”.

Epidemics that have been a relatively rare incidents and exceptions in the past, have become the rule over the past couple of decades and have evolved to “Pandemics”! by our globalization, in fact we have helped the microbial world to get closer to all of us and we are not just sharing our gossips, greed, and ideas, but our germs. Through our infiltration to the nature and the wild, urbanization and destroying the environment, we have delineated the boundary between the civil and the wild life. As we will read in more detail in the following, more than %65 of our humans’ infections and the recent epidemics and pandemics are “Zoonotic” or originating from other animals, specially the wild life, into our very beings. It seems that the microbial invasions are all in full force and we are in full surrender, and we will fade out by acute attacks of epidemics and pandemics from outside, and at the same time, like Trojans invaded from within by the autoimmune disorders, cancers, degenerative, physical and mental disorders all caused by microbial invasions. If at the end anyone survives on earth, their genes have been mutated by the microbial attacks and we may not be humans after all as we know it today! Although these lines could be quite frightening and nightmarish, it is truly scientific and is known to microbiologists for a while. We may not have the solution to the survival yet, as the attacks are very serious and much sophisticated. But the first step is the knowledge of what is happening so to search for a collective solution and resistance altogether across the globe, that could never happen! In the following, after a brief review of the microbial invasions on humans throughout our short history, I will summarize an example of a few recent microbial invasions in the forms of epidemics and pandemics across the globe, while the list and detail of all could not be recorded here or perhaps anywhere else.

Read the full text here:

https://medicinerevisited.com/infections-2/h1n1hiv-sars-mers-ebola-zika-noroviruses-what-is-next/

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Perhaps after accidents and injuries that have existed from the inception of life in both humans and animals, “infections” are the first medical illnesses, that gave birth to the medicine. While medicine basically started its first chapter with infections, over time after achieving numerous success in overcoming them by discovery of antibiotics and vaccines, and control and eradications of many infections, this field was left unattended for a long while until recently. The birth of acquired immune diseased such as AIDS and the role of infections in etiology and pathophysiology of cancers and autoimmune disorders, have started to attract more attention of medicine in the recent decades. This recognition yet is in the research pipelines and has puzzled the basic medical scientists than the medical practitioners! More and more we now realize that microorganisms do not cause an observable acute and chronic infections to be treated with antibiotics and prevented by our current vaccines, but they are capable of more lingering damages!

We have started to realize that our ancient predecessors who have lived billion years before us on this earth, have amazing and flexible power of survival, despite their unnoticeable size! These first and perhaps last standing survivors of life, do not need to live on their own, but could survive for ever through their hosts. This symbiotic living is at the advantage of the microorganisms and at the host’s disadvantage. Now as humans, the only thinking living or super-organism, we need to find out if we can stop this symbiotic living if we should! No matter of the answer, we need to appreciate our invaders and occupiers and at least recognize what they are doing to us, not infecting us for the moment, but living within us and affecting us not now but for as long as we live, surviving through our genetics and pass along through our future generations!

Dr.Mostafa Showraki, MD, FRCPC                                                               Lecturer, University of Toronto,School of Medicine,Author: “ADHD:Revisited” Book “adhdrevisited.com”/”medicinerevisited.com”

References:

1. Showraki, Mostafa.  “Breast Cancer:Revisited”. medicinerevisited.com.
2. Showraki, Mostafa.  “A new look at Cancer”. medicinerevisited.com.
3. Showraki, Mostafa.  “A new look at infections”. medicinerevisited.com.
4. Showraki, Mostafa.  “Trauma and insults”. medicinerevisited.com.
5. Showraki, Mostafa.  “Ovarian and endometrial Cancers:Revisited”. medicinerevisited.com.

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Ontario public health and Ontario Medical Association (OMA) have recently announced another viral epidemic attack. “Since September 17, 2014, more than 300 specimens from Ontario have been submitted to the National Microbiology Laboratory for testing for Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), and more than 30 have been positive… Among laboratory confirmed cases of EV-D68, several cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP)* are being investigated in the past weeks in Ontario.”

This is not the first time that this virus strain attacks humans in an epidemic. Human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) was first isolated from samples obtained in California in 1962 from four children with pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Between 1970 and 2005 only 26 clinical isolates of EV-D68 were reported in the USA, representing 0.1% of all clinical EV isolates. Over the past few years, other outbreaks in Japan, the Philippines, the Netherlands, Finaland, Italy, France, Africa, as well as several clusters in the USA, have occurred. The clinical presentation of EV-D68 infections in these outbreaks has ranged from mild illness to complications requiring hospitalization and, in rare instances, death. In all reports, children represented the majority of symptomatic infections. In several clusters, this virus has created some novel genetic variants. Moreover this virus has been reported to have shifted its seasonality from the fall and winter to the summer and early fall in temperate zones!

While until now, EV-D68 has been associated mostly with respiratory infections, the current outbreak in Ontario, Canada causing Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) is a new occurrence. Ascancers, viruses such as enteroviruses of different strains, e.g. Coxsackie virus and EV-D68 do not only cause acute infections, but the long aftermath of their invasions will take years or generations to come! Therefore it is imperative that the medical societies and authorities start to prevent such epidemic by perhaps the proper vaccinations and do not take the matter superficially!

Dr.Mostafa Showraki, MD, FRCPC                                                               Lecturer, University of Toronto,School of Medicine,Author: “ADHD:Revisited” Book “adhdrevisited.com”/”medicinerevisited.com”

References:

1. Showraki, Mostafa.  “Autoimmune Disorders”. medicinerevisited.com.
2. Showraki, Mostafa.  “A new look at Cancer”. medicinerevisited.com.
3. Showraki, Mostafa.  “A new look at infections”. medicinerevisited.com.
4. Showraki, Mostafa.  “Trauma and insults”. medicinerevisited.com.
5. Showraki, Mostafa.  “Multiple Sclerosis (MS)”. medicinerevisited.com.
6. Showraki, Mostafa.  “Diabetes Melitus”. medicinerevisited.com.
7. Ishiko, H.; Miura, R.; Shimada, Y.; Hayashi, A.; Nakajima, H.; Yamazaki, S.; Takeda, N. (2002). “Human Rhinovirus 87 Identified as Human Enterovirus 68 by VP4-Based Molecular Diagnosis”. Intervirology 45 (3): 136.
8. Oberste, M. S. (2004). “Enterovirus 68 is associated with respiratory illness and shares biological features with both the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses”. Journal of General Virology 85 (9): 2577.
9. Tokarz, R.; Firth, C.; Madhi, S. A.; Howie, S. R. C.; Wu, W.; Sall, A. A.; Haq, S.; Briese, T.; Lipkin, W. I. (2012). “Worldwide emergence of multiple clades of enterovirus 68”. Journal of General Virology 93: 1952.
10. Blomqvist, S.; Savolainen, C.; Raman, L.; Roivainen, M.; Hovi, T. (2002). “Human Rhinovirus 87 and Enterovirus 68 Represent a Unique Serotype with Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Features”. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40(11): 4218. 

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